Abstract The onion bulbs’ post-harvest quality is essential for good commercialization; the longest storage time is critical to the producer in choosing the cultivar. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the post-harvest quality of onion bulbs under storage periods in a controlled environment. The experiment was installed in a factorial scheme (6x4), represented by six onion cultivars (BR29, Itajubá, Mulata, Omega, Rainha, and Salto Grande), evaluated in four storage periods (40, 80, 120, and 160 days), in a randomized design, with three replications. The parameters of fresh matter loss, skin strength, bulb firmness, skin shine, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and soluble solids and titratable acidity were analyzed. The cultivar Salto Grande presented better conservation of the physical-defined characteristics in the post-harvest at controlled temperature, less loss of mass of fresh matter, and more significant maintenance of the feature of skin strength, bulb firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. At the same time, cultivar BR29 showed more significant losses in the studied attributes and had less storage capacity among the evaluated cultivars.

ABSTRACT Straw management associated with furrow opener mechanisms under a no-tillage system can enable better yields in the corn crop. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate corn productivity under a no-tillage system as a function of furrowing mechanisms and oat straw management. This research was conducted in the 2019/2020 growing season in Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil, in a factorial scheme consisting of furrow opener mechanisms (shank and double disk) and oat straw management (rolled, desiccated, and crushed), with four replications. Oat dry matter, furrow depth, furrow width, tilled soil area, emergence rate index, initial and final plant stand, initial and final plant height, initial and final stem diameter, ear insertion height, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, ear length, ear diameter, thousand-grain weight, and productivity were evaluated. The results were subjected to analysis of variance by the F-test at a significance 5% probability and the means were compared by Tukey’s test. Corn development, yield, and productivity were more influenced by the furrow opener mechanisms, standing out the use of a shank compared to the double disk.

ABSTRACT The importance of maintaining straw on the soil surface is a subject widely discussed and proven in the literature. However, the effects of this straw on planting efficiency and quality still lack information. In this sense, both time and method of the black oat management influence the permanence of the straw on the soil and, thus, can interfere in the next crop's germination and plantability of the seed drill. This study aimed to evaluate methods and times of black oat management and their implications on the plantability and development of the corn crop in succession in two harvests. A randomized block design with twelve treatments was used, consisting of the combination of three methods of management (crushed, rolled, and desiccated) and four times of management (0, 10, 20, and 30 days before the corn sowing) of black oat straw, arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The black oat management carried out 30 days before the corn sowing provides the highest corn emergence rate. Management methods that promote greater fragmentation of straw tend to offer less mechanical impediment to seedling development and result in a greater initial and final plant population.

ABSTRACT Onion production is conditioned to the adopted techniques during the cultivation. Sowing depth, soil preparation and cultivars are determinant factors for productivity to be increased. Two experiments were developed, the first with the objective of evaluating the effect of sowing depths and soil preparation methods on the germination and development of onion seedlings, while the objective of the second was to evaluate the productivity of onion cultivars as a soil preparation function. In experiment I, the split plot scheme was adopted, where the main plots consisted on soil tillage methods (total area and bed) and in the subplots, the sowing depths (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 cm), with six replicates. Experiment II was carried out in a split plot scheme, in which the main plots consisted on soil tillage methods (total area and bed) and in the subplots, such as onion cultivars (Itajubá, Rainha, Salto Grande, Ômega, Mulata and BR29), with four replicates. The 1.5 cm sowing depth provided greater speed of germination and plant stand. Raising beds offers the best initial seedling development. The onion cultivation under beds offers the highest vegetative development and productivity.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of management times and methods of black oat straw on corn crop development and yield under a no-tillage system for two crop seasons. A randomized block design was used with twelve treatments. They were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications, consisting of a combination between three methods (crushed, rolled, and desiccated) and four times (0, 10, 20, and 30 days before corn sowing). Black oat was evaluated for dry matter, while corn was for plant final population, height, stem diameter, ear insertion height, ear diameter, ear length, grain number per row, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. All management methods and times interfered with corn crop yield components, but not all influenced final production. The method with the largest final corn population was not the same with an improved ear development. Such findings, however, may not be the same under highly favorable weather conditions.

A integração lavoura-pecuária pode ser definida como o sistema que integra duas atividades, visando a maximizar racionalmente o uso da terra e a minimizar os custos de produção. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos de diferentes alturas remanescentes de pastagem e de mecanismos sulcadores sobre o desenvolvimento inicial e a produtividade da cultura do milho semeado em sequência. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de quatro intensidades de pastagem (0,05; 0,15; 0,30 m e sem pastejo) e de dois mecanismos sulcadores (haste e disco), utilizados na semeadura pós-pastejo. Após a semeadura, foram avaliados a profundidade de deposição das sementes, o índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas, o estande final de plantas, a altura inicial e de inserção de espigas e o rendimento de grãos. As diferentes intensidades de pastagem influenciaram significativamente a profundidade de deposição de sementes, a altura inicial de plantas e de inserção da primeira espiga e a produtividade, sendo que a altura de pasto remanescente de 0,05 m apresentou os menores valores de profundidade de deposição de sementes, quando comparada com os demais níveis. Os diferentes mecanismos sulcadores influenciaram apenas a profundidade de deposição de sementes.

Crop-livestock systems may be defined as the integration of two activities aiming to rationally maximize the land use and to decrease production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different heights of remaining pasture and seed drills on the yield of corn grown in sequence. The treatments consisted of combinations of four remaining pasture residue heights (0,05; 0,15; 0,30 m and ungrazed) and two planter furrow openers on seed drills (shoe and disk), used for seeding after grazing. After corn sowing, the depth of seed deposition, the rate of seedling emergence, initial stand of plants, initial and final plant height and crop yield were evaluated. The different grass heights .significantly influenced the depth of seeding, the initial height and insertion of first cob and grain yield. Pasture height of 0,05 m corresponded to the lowest seed depth when compared with the other heights. The different furrow openers affected only the depth of seeding.

A manipulação do arranjo de plantas de milho, através de alterações na densidade de plantas, de espaçamento entre linhas, de distribuição de plantas na linha e na variabilidade entre plantas, é uma das práticas de manejo mais importantes para maximizar a interceptação da radiação solar, otimizar o seu uso e potencializar o rendimento de grãos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar os efeitos da combinação entre diferentes híbridos de milho e espaçamentos entre linhas no desenvolvimento da cultura em sistema de plantio direto na Região Sudoeste do Paraná. O experimento foi realizado na Área Experimental do Curso de Agronomia da UTFPR, no município de Pato Branco - Pr, com delineamento estatístico aleatorizado em blocos em esquema fatorial (3 x 3), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre três híbridos (DKB 240, PIONEER 30R50 e SG 6010) e três espaçamentos entre linhas (0,45; 0,70 e 0,90 m). Após a semeadura, foram avaliados: a altura de plantas, o diâmetro do colmo, o rendimento de grãos e seus componentes. Os resultados mostraram que em nenhuma das avaliações houve interações entre híbridos e espaçamentos e que a redução no espaçamento entre linhas promoveu aumento no número de espigas por planta e o incremento na produtividade de grãos na cultura do milho.

Corn plant arrangement is one of the most important management tool to improve solar radiation interception and it can be done through changes in plant density, row spacing, distribution of plants in the row and plant variability aiming to optimize its use and maximize the yield. Due to it, the objective of this work was to study the effects of different corn hybrids and row spacing over the corn development cultivated in a no-tillage system in the Southwest of Paraná. The experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the UTFPR Agronomy Course located in Pato Branco - Pr, following a complete randomized block design factorial (3 x 3), with four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations among three hybrids (DKB 240, Pioneer 30R50 and SG 6010) and three row spacing (0.45; 0.70 and 0.90 m). After seeding, were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, grain yield and its components. According to the results, there were no interaction among hybrids and row spacing, the row spacing reduction promoted greater number of spikes per plant and increased corn grain yield.